Let There Be Light – Exploring Starlight Through Electromagnetic Spectrum Phenomena (Part I)

The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Space Technologies

We will open the course with a comprehensive overview of the electromagnetic spectrum concept, encompassing radiation at various frequencies such as radio, microwave, visible light, ultraviolet, and beyond. We will understand the wave properties of each radiation type and delve deep into the visible light spectrum. Subsequently, we will study wave phenomena in light, including interference, refraction, and reflection, comprehending the underlying physical principles through tangible examples. We will also examine classic experiments in the field, such as Young's interference experiment.

We will then transition to an in-depth discussion on the wave-particle duality of light, comparing the wave model to the photon model, understanding where each model is applicable and its limitations. We will examine key experiments like the double-slit experiment.

Further, we will explore optical components such as lenses, mirrors, and prisms used in telescopes, enabling the collection and concentration of extremely distant light. We will survey telescope types based on these components, such as reflectors and refractors. We will continue with an extensive introduction to additional telescope types operating in different spectral domains like radio and infrared, understanding the physical principle behind each type.

Subsequently, we will examine how light's passage through the atmosphere and space affects astronomical observation from the ground and the methods for compensating and correcting these distortions. Additionally, we will explore spectral analysis techniques of light that enable identification of chemical composition, temperature, and motion of distant celestial bodies. We will proceed to advanced astronomical methods for detecting exoplanets by identifying changes in the brightness and velocity of stars.

We will conclude the first part with an introduction to the Hubble Space Telescope and the new James Webb Space Telescope, as well as sophisticated Earth-based telescopes, which enable the deepest observations into the universe and back in time.

* The course material will be tailored to the age of the learners.