This unique and fascinating course will open a wide window into the monumental historical story of the Jewish people during the Second Temple period. Starting from 538 BCE, seventy years after the destruction of the First Temple and the Babylonian exile, the Jews in exile began to return to their land and rebuild and rehabilitate the ruins. After many efforts and opposition from within and without, the returnees succeed in rehabilitating Judah and Jerusalem and rebuilding the Temple for the second time. This historical point is the opening to a new, long, and fascinating chapter in the story of the Jewish people in their land – the days of the Second Temple, lasting about 450 years.

During the course, we will tell the story of the Second Temple period in a special research manner that combines historical sources with the many surprising archaeological discoveries that tell about the period. Among other things, we will learn about the archaeological evidence for the Return to Zion and the building of Judah and Jerusalem, the conquests of Alexander the Great and Greek culture, the Maccabean Revolt, the Hasmonean kingdom and their wars, the Roman conquest of the land, Herod's rise to kingship, the renovation of the Temple, the Great Revolt and the destruction of the Second Temple and its severe consequences.

A central chapter will be devoted to the Hasmonean revolt against Hellenistic rule, the rise of the independent Hasmonean kingdom and its wars with various neighbors. Here, historical sources will be discussed alongside archaeological evidence from battle sites.

Subsequently, the course will focus on the Roman conquest, Herod's rise to kingship and his magnificent architectural influences, and of course the sacred restoration of the Temple. A significant part will be dedicated to the Great Revolt against the Romans, its decisive events, and the destructive ruin of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 CE. Unique archaeological evidence such as coins, revolt inscriptions, and mortars from the city's destruction will illuminate the national disaster.

In conclusion, the course will provide a rich and comprehensive picture of a formative historical period in the story of the Jewish people.

* The course material will be tailored to the age of the learners.