This course (which is a direct continuation of the course on the electromagnetic spectrum and space technologies) will introduce Galileo's groundbreaking observations of free-falling bodies and the pendulum experiment, which demonstrated that all objects fall at the same rate under the influence of gravity – a revolutionary finding for its time.

We will delve into Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation, which posited that a uniform attractive force acts between masses. We'll see how this law provided a comprehensive explanation for the seemingly irregular motion of planets and celestial bodies that had puzzled astronomers for centuries.

We will then transition to the principles of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, including concepts that broke traditional thinking such as the relativity of motion and time, the speed of light as the universal speed limit, and the idea of "curved" spacetime.

Subsequently, we'll examine how gravity plays a crucial role on a cosmic scale by forming galaxy clusters, superclusters, and determining the structure of the large-scale universe. We'll also understand the process by which a neutron star collapses completely under its own weight and becomes a supermassive black hole. Additionally, we'll explore gravitational waves – distortions in spacetime emitted from violent astronomical events – and how they are detected today using advanced technology.

We'll then investigate gravity's role in the formation of solar systems and exoplanets around stars. We'll review stunning telescopic observations of astronomical objects that reveal valuable information about their properties and evolutionary history.

Towards the end, we'll explore the Big Bang model explaining the universe's formation about 14 billion years ago and the evidence supporting it, and we'll see how advanced methods allow us to "peek" into the beginning of time and space. We'll conclude with a look at unresolved questions and problems regarding the true nature of gravity and other hidden secrets of the universe.

* The course material will be tailored to the age of the learners.