In this surgery course, we will explore the historical development of the field and the various disciplines it encompasses. We will delve into all the necessary preparatory measures for surgery, including patient instructions prior to the procedure and the preparation process in the operating room after the patient has followed all guidelines. We will learn how to prepare the surgical site while creating and maintaining a sterile field, as well as the antisepsis and sterilization of surgical instruments. The course will cover familiarization with the autoclave and the preparation of the surgeon and surgical team.

We will study the different types of sutures used for various tissues and organs, as well as the different types of needles and surgical instruments. The course will provide an in-depth examination of various methods for hemostasis, ranging from mechanical techniques to physical and chemical methods, and the use of systemic medications. If time permits, we will also address blood coagulation disorders and the available tests and strategies for anticipating and managing associated risks. We will discuss the dangers of blood loss.

The components of general anesthesia will be thoroughly explored, including muscle paralysis, loss of consciousness, and pain suppression. We will become acquainted with some of the agents used for these purposes and learn how to combine them effectively. The course will cover gas anesthesia, which is considered safe, and we will examine the advantages and disadvantages of three systems: open, semi-open, and closed.

Additionally, we will learn which parameters to monitor in patients before, during, and after surgery, such as respiration (rate and depth), pulse, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, and others. We will address questions such as: What are the normal ranges for each parameter? How does the body's homeostasis change when these parameters deviate from the normal range? How can we restore the body to normal levels for each of these parameters?

Post-operative care and patient follow-up will be discussed, including wound healing processes, different types of injuries, dressing techniques, and important decision-making processes. We will consider questions such as: When is it preferable not to intervene? What is debridement and when is it necessary? When should we decide to treat and intervene? The course will address proper decision-making (which can be quite challenging) among the various treatments available in modern medicine and those at our disposal. We will also discuss potential complications in patients with limited mobility after surgery, with emphasis on pressure ulcers, their prevention, and treatment.

The course will cover risk management, complications, and types of infections that can develop following surgery, as well as methods for prevention and treatment. We will learn how to select appropriate antibiotics based on the type and location of infection (as not all antibiotics penetrate all areas of the body equally). The differences between various methods of antibiotic administration will be discussed, from oral administration to topical ointments and injections. We will address situations requiring drain installation, exploring the differences between active and passive drainage and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

We will study bone injuries, methods for their correct identification and classification, and the orthopedic surgeries and repairs available for their treatment.

This course promises to be fascinating, interesting, and enriching.

* The course material will be tailored to the age of the learners.