In this course, we will delve deeply into the anatomical structure of the urinary system. We will explore which organs comprise this system and examine their functions in detail.

We will become familiar with the nephrons located in the kidneys, studying their histological structure and the principles of pressure filtration. The course will cover all components and concepts related to this functional unit, including the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, primary filtrate, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, reabsorption, pumps, and the regulation of blood acidity through bicarbonate, acid-base balance (ABB), and other mechanisms.

The course will introduce the hormones that regulate the urinary system, such as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), and aldosterone. We will also discuss medications used to treat disorders related to the production and activation of these hormones, including Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

We will analyze urine samples, determining which substances should be present and in what concentrations in a normal urine sample, and when deviations from these norms indicate pathological conditions. The course will cover various diseases that can be diagnosed through urine analysis, including the types of crystals found, their mineral composition, and unique shapes. We will discuss when these crystals pose a risk of becoming sediment or actual stones. Additionally, we will examine the presence of proteins, blood cells, and indicators of inflammation in urine, interpret dipstick results, and diagnose conditions such as glycosuria, diabetes, and kidney diseases of varying severity—from mechanical injuries and infections to complete renal failure.

The course will cover dialysis, explaining the structure of the dialysis machine, the chemical and physical principles underlying its operation, suitable candidates for this treatment, and the duration for which a person can undergo dialysis therapy.

Lastly, we will discuss kidney transplantation, addressing donor-recipient compatibility, potential complications and risks, and the importance of kidney donation in saving the lives of patients in need.

* The course material will be tailored to the age of the learners.